The 52nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1891, to March 4, 1893, during the final two years of Benjamin Harrison's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1880 United States census.

The Republicans maintained a majority in the Senate (albeit reduced), but the Democrats won back the majority in the House, ending the Republican overall federal government trifecta.

Major events

Major legislation

  • May 5, 1892: Geary Act
  • February 13, 1893: Harter Act (Carriage of Goods by Sea), ch. 105, 27 Stat. 445

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

  • President: Levi P. Morton (R)
  • President pro tempore: Charles F. Manderson (R)
  • Republican Conference Chairman: John Sherman
  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: Arthur P. Gorman

House of Representatives

  • Speaker: Charles F. Crisp (D)
  • Minority Leader: Thomas B. Reed
  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: William S. Holman
  • Republican Conference Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson
  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Roswell P. Flower

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Senators are listed by Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1892; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1894; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1896.

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 7
    • Democratic: no net change
    • Republican: no net change
    • Liberal Republican: 1 seat net loss
  • Deaths: 4
  • Resignations: 5
  • Interim appointments: 1
  • Total seats with changes: 10

House of Representatives

  • replacements: 15
    • Democratic: 1-seat net loss
    • Republican: 1-seat net gain
  • Deaths: 10
  • Resignations: 8
  • Contested election: 1
  • Total seats with changes: 18

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

House of Representatives

  • Accounts (Chairman: Harry Welles Rusk; Ranking Member: Albert J. Pearson)
  • Agriculture (Chairman: William H. Hatch; Ranking Member: Charles L. Moses)
  • Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select)
  • Appropriations (Chairman: William S. Holman; Ranking Member: David B. Henderson)
  • Banking and Currency (Chairman: Henry Bacon; Ranking Member: Seth W. Cobb)
  • Claims (Chairman: Benjamin H. Bunn; Ranking Member: Isaac N. Cox)
  • Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Richard P. Bland; Ranking Member: George F. Williams)
  • Disposition of Executive Papers (Chairman: William E. Haynes; Ranking Member: Thomas Bowman)
  • District of Columbia (Chairman: John J. Hemphill; Ranking Member: Cornelius A. Cadmus)
  • Education (Chairman: Benjamin A. Enloe; Ranking Member: Edwin Hallowell)
  • Elections (Chairman: Charles T. O'Ferrall; Ranking Member: George Johnstone)
  • Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Owen Scott; Ranking Member: John A. Pickler)
  • Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: Paul C. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Kittel Halvorson)
  • Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: James W. Owens; Ranking Member: William W. Grout)
  • Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: John M. Allen; Ranking Member: Ezra B. Taylor)
  • Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Charles A.O. McClellan; Ranking Member: George W. Ray)
  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William C. Oates; Ranking Member: James S. Gorman)
  • Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Rufus E. Lester; Ranking Member: John Sanford)
  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: George H. Brickner; Ranking Member: William A. Stone)
  • Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Alexander B. Montgomery; Ranking Member: Robert R. Hitt)
  • Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Henry M. Youmans; Ranking Member: John H. Ketcham)
  • Foreign Affairs (Chairman: James H. Blount; Ranking Member: Isidor Rayner)
  • Indian Affairs (Chairman: Samuel W. Peel; Ranking Member: Benjamin H. Clover)
  • Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: George D. Wise; Ranking Member: Asher G. Caruth)
  • Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Augustus N. Martin; Ranking Member: Edward F. McDonald then Walter H. Butler)
  • Judiciary (Chairman: David B. Culberson; Ranking Member: Fernando C. Layton)
  • Labor (Chairman: John C. Tarsney; Ranking Member: John W. Causey)
  • Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Chairman: Samuel M. Robertson; Ranking Member: William McAleer)
  • Manufactures (Chairman: Charles H. Page; Ranking Member: Archibald H.A. Williams)
  • Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: Samuel Fowler; Ranking Member: Herman Stump)
  • Mileage (Chairman: James N. Castle; Ranking Member: John A. Caldwell)
  • Military Affairs (Chairman: Joseph H. Outhwaite; Ranking Member: Edward F. McDonald then John C. Crosby)
  • Militia (Chairman: Edward Lane; Ranking Member: Alexander K. Craig)
  • Mines and Mining (Chairman: William H. H. Cowles; Ranking Member: Thomas Bowman)
  • Naval Affairs (Chairman: Hilary A. Herbert; Ranking Member: William McAleer)
  • Pacific Railroads (Chairman: James B. Reilly; Ranking Member: Frederick S. Coolidge)
  • Patents (Chairman: George D. Tillman; Ranking Member: John T. Hamilton)
  • Pensions (Chairman: Robert P.C. Wilson; Ranking Member: Charles L. Moses)
  • Printing (Chairman: James D. Richardson; Ranking Member: Case Broderick)
  • Private Land Claims (Chairman: Ashbel P. Fitch; Ranking Member: William T. Crawford)
  • Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John S. Henderson; Ranking Member: John C. Crosby)
  • Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: John H. Bankhead; Ranking Member: John De Witt Warner)
  • Public Lands (Chairman: Thomas C. McRae; Ranking Member: Darius D. Hare)
  • Railways and Canals (Chairman: Thomas C. Catchings; Ranking Member: Kittel Halvorson)
  • Revision of Laws (Chairman: William T. Ellis; Ranking Member: Lemuel Amerman)
  • Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Newton C. Blanchard; Ranking Member: Charles H. Page)
  • Rules (Chairman: Charles F. Crisp; Ranking Member: Thomas B. Reed)
  • Standards of Official Conduct
  • Territories (Chairman: Joseph E. Washington; Ranking Member: Dennis D. Donovan)
  • War Claims (Chairman: Frank E. Beltzhoover; Ranking Member: George W. Shell)
  • Ways and Means (Chairman: William M. Springer; Ranking Member: Thomas B. Reed)
  • Whole

Joint committees

  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
  • Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
  • The Library
  • Printing

Caucuses

  • Democratic (House)
  • Democratic (Senate)

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

  • Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
  • Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
  • Public Printer of the United States: Francis W. Palmer

Senate

  • Chaplain: John G. Butler (Lutheran)
  • Secretary: Anson G. McCook
  • Librarian: Alonzo M. Church
  • Sergeant at Arms: Edward K. Valentine

House of Representatives

  • Clerk: Edward McPherson, until December 8, 1891
    • James Kerr, from December 8, 1891
  • Clerk at the Speaker's Table: Charles R. Crisp
  • Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodist)
  • Doorkeeper: Charles H. Turner, elected December 8, 1891
  • Reading Clerks: John A. Reeve (D) and James C. Broadwell (R)
  • Postmaster: James W. Hathaway
  • Sergeant at Arms: Adoniram J. Holmes, until December 8, 1891
    • Samuel S. Yoder, from December 8, 1891

See also

  • 1890 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
    • 1890–91 United States Senate elections
    • 1890 United States House of Representatives elections
    • 1891 United States House of Representatives elections
  • 1892 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • 1892 United States presidential election
    • 1892–93 United States Senate elections
    • 1892 United States House of Representatives elections

Notes

References

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History
  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
  • Official Congressional Directory for the 52nd Congress, 1st Session. 1891.
  • Official Congressional Directory for the 52nd Congress, 1st Session (1st Revision). U.S. G.p.o. 1892.
  • Official Congressional Directory for the 52nd Congress, 1st Session (2nd Revision). U.S. Govt. Print. Off., etc. 1892.
  • Official Congressional Directory for the 52nd Congress, 2nd Session. U.S. G.p.o. 1892.
  • Official Congressional Directory for the 52nd Congress, 2nd Session (Revision). 1893.

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